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Dagelijks 100 gram groenten verlaagt leverkanker

Research Question:
The anti-cancer effects of fruits and vegetables are extensively studied, but the link between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) is not recorded. It was therefore carried out this review article.

Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the chances of getting liver cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 19 studies with 1290045 participants, of which together 3912 people with liver cancer.  

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found a high vegetable consumption compared to a low, a significantly reduced risk of 28% [95% CI = 0.63-0.83] for liver cancer.

The researchers found for every 100 grams of vegetables per day, a significantly reduced risk of 8% [95% CI = 0.88-0.95] for liver cancer. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that this reduced risk in sub-groups analyses did not change, regardless of the history of hepatitis, alcohol consumption, smoking or energy intake.

The researchers found a high fruit consumption compared to a low, a non-significant reduced risk by 7% [95% CI = 0.80-1.09] for liver cancer.

The researchers found for every 100 grams of fruit per day, a non-significant reduced risk of 1% [95% CI = 0.94-1.05] for liver cancer. Non-significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

The researchers concluded that 100 grams of vegetables per day, reduced the risk of getting liver cancer.

Original title:
Increased Intake of Vegetables, but not Fruit, Reduces Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis by Yang Y, Zhang D, [...], Zhu Y.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25127680

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on cancer and fruit and vegetable consumption.

 

Groenten & fruit verlagen niet alvleesklierkanker

Research Question:
Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the chances of getting pancreatic cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 14 prospective cohort studies with a follow-up duration of 7-20 years, with 862584 participants, of which 2212 participants who got pancreatic cancer.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that a rise of 100 grams of fruit and vegetables a day, the chances of getting pancreatic cancer non-significant with 1% [pooled multivariate relative risk was 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03] did increase.

The researchers found that eating fruit the chance of getting pancreatic cancer non-significant with 1% [pooled multivariate relative risk was 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03] did increase.

The researchers found that eating vegetables the chance of getting pancreatic cancer non-significant with 2% [pooled multivariate relative risk was 1.02, 95% CI = 0.99-1.06] did increase.

The associations were similar for men and women separately and between the studies.

The researchers concluded that there is no link existed between eating fruits and vegetables and the reduced chance of getting pancreatic cancer.

Original title:
Intake of Fruits and Vegetables and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Pooled Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies by Koushik A, Spiegelman D, [...], Smith-Warner SA. 

Link:
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/176/5/373.short

Additional information about El Mondo:
Pancreatic cancer or pancreatic cancer is a rare cancer, which is often diagnosed in people over 70 years. The problem is that pancreatic cancer is often detected late.
Risk factors of pancreatic cancer are smoking, heredity, alcohol consumption and a diet rich in animal fats.

 

Groenten en fruit verlagen alvleesklierziekten

Research Question:
Pancreas diseases express a heavy stamp on the health care systems worldwide. However, there is lack of agreement on what factors increase the risk of getting pancreatic diseases or lower. It was therefore carried out this review article.

What are the risk factors of pancreatic diseases?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 51 population-based studies (prospective cohort studies) with more than 3 million participants, of which more than 11 thousand patients with pancreatic disease.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that tobacco consumption the chance of getting pancreatic diseases significantly with 87% [RR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.54-2.27] increased.

The researchers found that being overweight the chance of getting pancreatic diseases significantly with 48% [RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.15-1.92] increased.

The researchers found that an excessive alcohol consumption the chance of getting pancreatic diseases significantly with 37% [RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.19-1.58] increased.

The researchers found that both tobacco consumption as an excessive alcohol consumption had a greater effect on acute/chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) than on pancreatic cancer.

The researchers found that eating vegetables, the chance of getting pancreatic diseases significantly with 29% [RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.57-0.88] reduced.

The researchers found that eating fruit, the chance of getting pancreatic diseases significantly with 27% [RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.90] reduced.

The researchers concluded that tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption and having overweight increased the chance of getting pancreatic diseases while eating fruits and vegetables is precisely the chance of getting pancreatic diseases reduced. Prevention strategies for acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer should keep these factors in mind.

Original title:
Factors That Affect Risk for Pancreatic Disease in the General Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies by Alsamarrai A, Das SLM, [...], Petro MS.

Link:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1542356514001839

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on alcohol consumption, obesity and the vegetable and fruit consumption.

 

Groenten, fruit en beta-caroteen verlagen nierkanker

Research Question:
Lowers eating vegetables, fruit or carotenoids the chance of getting kidney cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 13 prospective cohort studies with a follow-up duration of 7-20 years, 1478 niercelkankergevallen (709 women and 769 men) under 774952 participants.

Validated were used FAHIM and random effects model. There was no question of heterogeneity between studies (p = 0.86).

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that eating less than 600 grams fruit and vegetables compared with less than 200 grams per day, the risk of renal cell cancer significantly with 32% [95% CI = 0.54-0.87, P for trend = 0.001] reduced. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that eating at least 400 grams of fruit compared to less than 100 grams per day, the risk of renal cell cancer significantly with 21% [95% CI = 0.63-0.99, P for trend = 0.03] reduced. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that eating at least 400 g of vegetables compared to less than 100 grams per day, the risk of renal cell cancer not significant with 28% [95% CI = 0.48-1.08, P for trend = 0.07] reduced. Not significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that every increase of 78 g broccoli a day, the risk of renal cell cancer significantly with 40% [95% CI = 0.41-0.89] reduced.

The researchers found that every increase of 57 g root per day, the risk of renal cell cancer significantly with 18% [95% CI = 0.68-0.99] reduced.

The researchers found that eating a lot of Alpha-carotene (highest compared to lowest quintile), the chance of getting renal cell not significantly with 13% [95% CI = 0.73-1.03] reduced.

The researchers found that eating a lot of beta carotene (highest compared to lowest quintile), the chance of getting renal cell cancer significantly with 18% [95% CI = 0.69-0.98] reduced.

The researchers found that eating a lot of beta-cryptoxanthin (highest compared to lowest quintile), the chance of getting renal cell not significantly by 14% [95% CI = 0.73-1.01] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of lutein/zeaxanthin (highest compared to lowest quintile), the chance of getting renal cell not significant with 18% [95% CI = 0.64-1.06] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of lycopene (highest compared to lowest quintile), the chance of getting renal cell not significantly with 13% [95% CI = 0.95-1.34] increased.

The researchers concluded that eating fruits and vegetables (minimum 600 grams fruit only, 78 grams together, 400 grams of broccoli or 57 gram roots per day) but also beta-carotene reduced the chance of getting renal cell cancer.

Original title:
Intakes or Fruit, Vegetables, and Carotenoids and Renal Cell Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of 13 Prospective Studies by Lee you, Männistö S, [...], Smith-Warner SA.

Link:
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/18/6/1730.short

Additional information about El Mondo:
90%-95% of the kidney cancer cases is renal cell cancer. Obsolete names for the same disease are: adenocarcinoma of the kidney, adenocarcinoma renis or Grawitz tumor. In the other cases (5 to 10%) it is referred to as cancer of the lining of the renal pelvis, which grows in the kidney tissue.

Renal cell cancer can be hereditary, but also risk factors such as smoking and factors determined by environmental, living and working environment increase the risk of renal cell cancer.

Renal cell cancer comes one and a half to two times more common in men than in women and develops higher age (65-75 years).

Read more about carotenoids.

Groenten en fruit verlagen mogelijk slokdarmkanker

Research Question:
Quantification of the association between the intake of fruit and vegetables and the risk of getting esophagus squamous cell carcinoma is controversial. It was therefore carried out this review article.

Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the chances of getting the type of esophageal cancer, the esophagus squamous cell carcinoma?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 32 studies until July 2012 with 10037 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
There was heterogeneity between the studies but no publication bias.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that eating lots of vegetables compared with little vegetables, the chances of getting of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma significantly with 44% [95% CI = 0.45-0.69] reduced. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that eating a lot of fruit compared with little fruit, the chances of getting of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma significantly with 47% [95% CI = 0.44-0.64] reduced.

The researchers found that there is a non-linear relationship existed between eating fruit and getting of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The non-linear relationship existed also for eating fruits.

The researchers concluded that eating fruit vegetables as the chance of getting both of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may be reduced. Possible because there was heterogeneity between the studies.
Heterogeneity between the studies, that the results found should be interpreted with caution.

Original title:
Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis of observational studies by Liu J, Wang J, [...], Lv (C).

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319052

Additional information about El Mondo:
The recommendation for vegetables is 200-300 grams per day and for fruit 2-5 pieces per day.

Esophageal cancer is more common in men than in women. Most of the people who get esophageal cancer, is older than 50 years.
Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor in the esophagus. There are two types of esophageal cancer:

  1. Esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. This tumor forms from the layer of cells that line the inside of the esophagus and arises especially in the middle and lower part of the esophagus.
  2. Esophageal adenocarcinoma. This tumor develops from cylindrical epithelium, also called Barrett epithelium called.

The exact cause of esophageal cancer is unclear.
Risk factors that the chances of getting of esophageal cancer can enhance are:

  • Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
  • Unhealthy and one-sided diet.
  • Eating few fruits and vegetables.
  • Overweight (BMI 25 >).
  • Regular and lengthy flowing back of stomach acid into the esophagus (called also known as heartburn or reflux).

Groenten en fruit verlagen inflammatoire darmziekte

Research Question:
Although many studies the relationship between diet and the risk of getting inflammatory bowel disease or "Inflammatory Bowel Disease" (IBD) examined, there is no systematic overview article known. It was therefore carried out this review article.

Is there a relationship between diet and getting an inflammatory bowel disease?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 18 case-control studies and 1 cohort study, with 2609 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and 1269 with 1340 with ulcerative colitis) and more than 4000 people without an inflammatory bowel disease (controls).

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that a high intake of total fat, Pufas, omega-6 fatty acids and meat the chance of getting Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis increased.
The researchers found that a high intake of fiber and fruit the chance of getting Crohn's disease reduced.
The researchers found that a high intake of vegetables reduced the chance of getting of ulcerative colitis.

Original title:
Dietary Intake and Risk of Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature by Love JK, Abraham B and El-Serag H.

Link:
http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v106/n4/pdf/ajg201144a.pdf

Additional information about El Mondo:
Read more about case-control studies and cohort studies.
Read more about Pufas and omega-6 fatty acids.

Groenten en fruit bieden bescherming tegen dikkedarmkanker

Research Question:
Studies of the relationship between a particular food or nutrient and the risk of getting colon cancer (colorectal cancer) give inconsistent results. It was therefore carried out this review article.

Which nutritional patterns provide protection against colorectal cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 8 prospective cohort studies and case-control studies 8.
The relative risk with 95% CI and the random-effects model were used to the relationships between the different dietary patterns and getting colon cancer see.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that a diet with a high alcohol consumption the chance of getting colon cancer non-significant reduced by 4%. In other words, the relative risk was 0.96 [95% CI = 0.82-1.12]. Non-significant is, it can be said with 95% reliability that the reduced risk was not due to a diet with a high alcohol consumption. Non-significant means, in practice, no connection.

The researchers found that a diet with lots of fruits and vegetables the chance of getting colon cancer significantly reduced by 20%. In other words, the relative risk was 0.80 [95% CI = 0.70-0.90]. Significant is, it can be said with 95% reliability that the reduced risk was due to a diet with lots of fruits and vegetables.

The researchers found that a diet with a high red meat and processed meat consumption the chance of getting colorectal cancer increased significantly by 29%. In other words, the relative risk was 1.29 [95% CI = 1.13-1.48]. Significant is, it can be said with 95% reliability that the increased risk was due to a diet with a high red meat and processed meat consumption.

The researchers concluded that a diet with lots of fruits and vegetables reduced the chance of getting colon cancer while a diet with a high red meat and processed meat consumption increased the chance of getting colon cancer

Original title:
Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis by Magalhães Peleteiro B, and B, Lunette N.

Link:
http://journals.lww.com/eurjcancerprev/Abstract/2012/01000/Dietary_patterns_and_colorectal_cancer__.3.aspx

Additional information about El Mondo:
The recommendation for fruit and vegetables is 200-300 g of vegetables and 2-5 pieces of fruit per day.

 

 

Groenten en fruit verlagen de kans op dikke darmkanker

Research Question:
Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the chances of getting colon cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 19 cohort studies with 1.5-1.7 million participants, including 11,800-16,000 cases with colon cancer. As a result, there was a statistical power to find a moderate and weak Association.  There was minimal evidence of heterogeneity between the studies but there was no evidence of small study bias.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found in 11 cohort studies with 1523860 participants, of which 11853 people with colon cancer, that eating lots of fruits and vegetables the chance of getting colon cancer significantly with 8% [95% CI = 0.86-0.99, p = 0.24 for heterogeneity] reduced. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found in 14 cohort studies with 1558147 participants, of which 14876 people with colon cancer, that eating about 100 grams of fruit per day the chances of getting colon cancer significantly with 10% [95% CI = 0.83-0.98, p = 0.05 for heterogeneity] reduced.
For 600 grams of fruit per day was the reduced risk of 15%.

The researchers found in studies with 1694236 participants, of which 15 cohort 16057 people with colon cancer, that eating 100-200 g of vegetables per day the chances of getting colon cancer significantly with 9% [95% CI = 0.86-0.96, p for heterogeneity = 0.54] reduced.

The researchers found that in the dose-dependent analysis per 100 g of vegetables a day, the chances of getting colon cancer significantly with 2% [95% CI = 0.97-. 99] reduced. The biggest advantage was found between 100 and 200 g of vegetables per day. It hardly took advantage to an intake higher than 200 grams per day.

In the dose-dependent analyses, the researchers found that per 100 grams of fruit per day, the chance of getting colon cancer non-significant with 2% [95% CI = 0.94-. 1.01] reduced. The biggest advantage was found around 100 grams of fruit per day.
Non-significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

However, the researchers found that the reduced risk of getting colon cancer and eating both vegetables [p for non-linear relationship = 0.001] as fruit [p for non-linear relation 0.001] non-linear was.

The researchers concluded that eating fruit both vegetables as the risk of getting colon cancer reduced. However, the relationship was not linear.

Original title:
Nonlinear Reduction in Risk for Colorectal Cancer by Fruit and Vegetable Intake Based on Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies by Aunee D, Lau R, [...], Norat T.

Link:
http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085%2811%2900522-1/fulltext

Additional information about El Mondo:
The recommendation for vegetables is 200-300 grams per day and for fruit is 2-5 pieces per day.

Groenten en fruit verlagen blaaskanker

Research Question:
Observational studies suggest a link between the vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of getting bladder cancer, however the results are controversial. It was therefore carried out this review article.

Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the chances of getting bladder cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 31 observational studies with 1121649 participants, of which 12610 people with bladder cancer.
Subgroup analyses showed that the study design and the sex are possible sources of heterogeneity.
There was some evidence of publication bias for fruit, citrus fruits and yellow-orange vegetables.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that eating lots of fruits and vegetables, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 17% [RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69-0.99] reduced.

The researchers found that eating a lot of fruit, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 23% [RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.69-0.87] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of vegetables, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 19% [RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.70-0.93] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of cruciferous vegetables, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 16% [RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.77-0.91] reduced.

The researchers found that eating a lot of citrus fruits, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 21% [RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68-0.91] reduced.

The researchers found that eating a lot of yellow-orange vegetables, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 26% [RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66-0.84] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 30 grams of citrus fruit per day, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 13% [RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78-0.96] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 60 grams of citrus fruit per day, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 20% [RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67-0.94] reduced.

The researchers found that eating citrus fruits 90 grams per day, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 21% [RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66-0.94] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 120 grams of citrus fruit per day, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 21% [RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.96] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 150 grams of citrus fruit per day, the chances of getting bladder cancer significantly with 21% [RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.99] reduced.

The researchers found a non-linear relationship between eating yellow-orange vegetables with the reduced risk of getting bladder cancer [p for non-linearity = 0.033].

The researchers concluded that eating lots of vegetables (especially cruciferous and yellow-orange vegetables) and fruit (especially citrus fruits 30-150 grams per day) reduced the chances of getting bladder cancer.

Original title:
Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies by Yao B, Yan Y, [...], Zhao Y.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248495

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on fruit and vegetables consumption.
 

 

Minstens 200 gram fruit per dag verlaagt suikerziekte type 2

Research Question:
The relationship between fruit intake and getting diabetes type 2 is inconsistent and therefore carried out this review article.

Eating fruit reduces the chances of getting diabetes type 2?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 9 prospective studies with participants whose 27940 403259 people with diabetes type 2.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found for the highest fruit intake compared with the lowest intake, a significantly reduced risk of 8% [RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86-0.97, p = 0.003, I2 = 37.6%, p = 0.12] for diabetes type 2.

The researchers found a clear non-linear relationship between fruit intake (at least 200 grams per day) and type 2 diabetes [p non-linear 0.001].

The researchers found that 200 g of fruit per day, the risk of getting type 2 diabetes significantly reduced by 13%.

The researchers concluded that eating at least 200 grams of fruit per day the chances of getting diabetes type 2 reduced.

Original title:
Fruit intake decreases risk of incident type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis by Miao Li S, S, [...], Xi B.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25074631

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on diabetes type 2 and fruit consumption.

1-5 porties groenten en fruit per dag verlaagt doodgaan aan hart- en vaatziekten

Research Question:
Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables daily reduces the risk of all-cause mortality?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 16 prospective cohort studies with 56423 dead (11512 died from heart disease and 16817 died of cancer) under 833234 participants. The follow-up duration varied between 4.6 and 26 years.

All studies had corrected for age.
There was heterogeneity between the studies but no publication bias.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that a high fruit and vegetable consumption the risk of all-cause mortality (= death to all causes) significantly reduced.

The researchers found that increasing fruits and vegetables with 1 serving per day, the risk of all-cause mortality (= death to all causes) significantly with 5% [95% CI = 0.92 to 0.98, p = 0.001, I2 = 82%, p 0.001] reduced.

The researchers found that increasing vegetable with 1 serving per day, the risk of all-cause mortality (= death to all causes) significantly with 5% [95% CI = 0.92 to 0.99, p = 0.006] reduced.

The researchers found that increasing fruit with 1 serving per day, the risk of all-cause mortality (= death to all causes) significantly with 6% [95% CI = 0.90 to 0.98, p = 0.002] reduced.

The researchers found that the risk of not further reduced all-cause mortality above 5 portions of fruit and veg per day. The reduced risk was 26% [95% CI = 0.66 to 0.82] at 5 portions of fruit and veg per day.

The researchers found that increasing fruits and vegetables with 1 serving per day, the risk of dying from heart disease significantly with 4% [95% CI = 0.92 to 0.99] reduced.

The researchers found no link between eating lots of fruits and vegetables and reduced risk of dying from cancer.

The researchers concluded that eating 1-5 portions of fruit and veg per day the chance of death to all causes, especially from heart disease reduced.

Original title:
Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort dose-response studies by Wang X, Ouyang Y, [...], Hu FB.

Link:
http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4490.long

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on fruit and vegetable consumption.

Fruit

One serving

Strawberry

Dish (100 grams)

Apricot

5 PCs

Pineapple

Disk (100 grams)

Apple

1 piece

Avocado

1 half

Banana

1 piece

Blue Berry

Dish (100 grams)

Blueberry

Dish (100 grams)

Burr

Dish (100 grams)

Cranberry

Dish (100 grams)

Dates

6 PCs

Grape

Bunch (125 grams)

Raspberry

Dish (100 grams)

Pomegranate

1 half

Grapefruit

1 half

Cherry

Dish (125 grams)

Kiwi

2 PCs

Lychee

Dish (200 grams)

Mandarin

2-3 pieces

Mango

1 quart

Melon

Disk (100 grams)

Mineola

1 piece

Nectarine

1 piece

Passion Fruit

5 PCs

Peer

1 piece

Peach

1 piece

Plum

2-3 pieces

Raisin/Krent

1 tablespoon

Orange

1 piece


 

Vegetable

One serving

Asparagus

5 PCs

Eggplant

1/3

Cauliflower

8 flowers

Mushrooms

10 small

Cherry Tomatoes

7 PCs

Zucchini

1 piece

Cooked vegetables (beans, peas, spinach, broccoli)

3-4 spoons

Cucumber

¼

Radish

10 PCs

Brussels Sprouts

8 PCs

Tomato

1 piece

Chicory

1 stump

 

Dagelijks 1 portie fruit verlaagt suikerziekte type 2

Research Question:
Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the chances of getting diabetes type 2?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 10 prospective cohort studies with 434342 participants and 24013 people with diabetes type 2. The mean follow-up duration was 11 years (4.6-23 years).

There was no publication bias.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that eating a lot of fruit, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 7% [RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99, I2 = 0%] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 1 serving of fruit per day, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 6% [RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89-1.00, I2 = 0%] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of vegetables, the chances of getting diabetes type 2 non-significant with 10% [RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.80-1.01, I2 = 66.5%] reduced. Non-significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that eating 1 serving of vegetables each day, the chances of getting diabetes type 2 non-significant with 2% [RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89-1.08, I2 = 45.8%] reduced. Non-significant is, there cannot be said with a 95% reliability that eating 1 serving of vegetables each day, the chances of getting diabetes type 2 reduced.

The researchers found that eating 0.2 serving of green leafy vegetables a day, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 13% [RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.93, I2 = 0%] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of vegetables and fruits, both the chance of getting diabetes type 2 non-significantly with 6% [RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.86-1.03, I2 = 34.6%] reduced. 

The researchers found that eating 1 serving of fruit and vegetables a day, the chances of getting diabetes type 2 non-significant 4% [RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.86-1.07, I2 = 47.6%] reduced. 

The researchers concluded that eating both 1 portion of fruit as 0.2 serving of green leafy vegetables a day, the chances of getting diabetes type 2 reduced.

Original title:
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies by Li M, Fan Y, [...], Tang Z.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4225228/

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on eating fruits and vegetables.
Green leafy vegetables are Endive, lettuce, spinach, lamb's lettuce, chicory, lettuce, turnip greens, Salicornia, turnip greens and purslane.

Groenten & fruit

  • Under fruit means all sugary edible fruits that can be eaten raw. Vegetable can be defined as all other edible parts of plants.
  • Vegetables and fruit make an important contribution to the supply of vitamin B and C, carotenoids, such as beta-carotene and lutein, minerals, such as magnesium, dietary fiber and flavonoids.
  • Fruits and vegetables contain unlike animal products, no cholesterol and low in calories because they mainly of water exist.  
  • Vegetables can be divided into:
    • Leafy Vegetables
    • Tuber Vegetables
    • Leguminous Crops
    • Stem Vegetables
    • Fruit and flower crops
  • Fruit can be divided into:
    • Berries or berries
    • Citrus Fruits
    • Pome Fruit
    • Stone Fruits
  • Pre-cut vegetable can contain less vitamin C than uncut vegetable.
  • Vegetable loses between 20 and 50% of the vitamins when cooking.
    Therefore, the opinion no longer than necessary to cook vegetables in little water.
  • Do not eat more frequently than twice a week nitrate rich fruits.
    Nitrate-rich vegetables are Endive, red beets, Swiss chard, celery, Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi, Bok Choy, purslane, turnip greens, watercress, all types of lettuce, spinach, cabbage and fennel.
  • Nitrate rich vegetables may be warmed and be combined with fish.
  • Canned vegetables, contain the same amount of nutrients as glass or frozen vegetables fresh vegetables.
  • Vegetables in glass are often zoutiger than fresh or frozen vegetables. Salt raises blood pressure.
  • Remnants of pesticides which remain on the rind of a fruit, can not be removed with washing.
  • Some people get allergic reactions after eating fruit. Allergens in fruits can be removed by the fruit to peel or heating it.
  • In Netherlands may be irradiated dried fruits and legumes. But the word "by rays" is often not the label, that's because it's not required by law to mention the conservingstechniek on the packaging.
  • The rays (treat with radioactive radiation) of organic products is prohibited by law.
  • In the organic fruit growing is just like in the common fruit calluses also sprayed, but chemical-synthetic pesticides should not be used.
  • Skal oversees organic products.
  • The dietary advice for fruit and vegetables is as follows:
    • 200-300 g of vegetables and 2-5 pieces of fruit per day.
    • No more than 2 times per week nitrate-rich vegetables.
    • Give babies up to 6 months no nitrate-rich vegetables.

Scientific studies on fruit, vegetables and/or fibres:
The review articles (meta-analyses) of randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind human studies (Rcts) answer the following question:
"Is swallowing food supplements make sense?". Yes at a positive conclusion and no in the case of a negative conclusion.

The review articles (meta-analyses) of cohort studies or case-control studies answer the following question:
"Should I change my diet?".

  1. Daily 1 portion of fruit lowers diabetes type 2
  2. 1-5 portions of fruit and veg per day reduces death from heart disease
  3. At least 200 grams of fruit per day lowers diabetes type 2
  4. Daily 300 grams of fruit or 400 grams of vegetables lowers coronary heart disease
  5. 200 grams of vegetables per day reduces bladder cancer
  6. Fruits and vegetables reduce bladder cancer
  7. Fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of colon cancer
  8. Fruits and vegetables offer protection against colon cancer
  9. Fruits and vegetables reduce inflammatory bowel disease
  10. Fruits and vegetables may reduce esophageal cancer
  11. Vegetables, fruit and beta-carotene lowering kidney cancer
  12. Fruits and vegetables reduce pancreatic diseases
  13. Reduce fruit not vegetables & pancreatic cancer
  14. 100 g of vegetables daily reduce liver cancer
  15. A high consumption of vegetables reduces dementia in seniors
  16. Dark green leafy vegetables may lower the chances of getting diabetes type 2
  17. Citrus fruits lowering breast cancer
  18. Cruciferous vegetables lower lung cancer
  19. Cruciferous vegetables lower colon cancer
  20. Beet juice lowers blood pressure (systolic blood pressure)
  21. Eating tomato products may reduce stomach cancer
  22. Eating a lot of legumes lowers colorectal adenoma
  23. 130 grams legumes a day lowers LDL-cholesterol levels
  24. Eating mushrooms lowers breast cancer
  25. 10 grams of carrots per day probably lowers prostate cancer

Het eten van flavonoïden verlaagt de bloeddruk en het LDL-cholesterolgehalte

Research Question:
Lowers eating flavonoids chances of getting heart disease?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 170 Rcts with 6557 participants.
The study duration ranged from several hours up to 52 weeks.
54% of the studies was cross-over.
The average study size ranged from 14-27 participants.
There was heterogeneity.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that the acute eating chocolate or cocoa (70-177 mg epicatechin daily for 90-149 minutes) the flow-mediated dilation (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) significantly with 3.99% [95% CI = 2.86-5.12, P heterogeneity = 0.1, I2 = 46%, 6 studies] increased.
Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that chronic food (consumption of more than 2 weeks) of chocolate or cocoa the flow-mediated dilation significantly with 1.45% [95% CI = 0.62-2.28, no significant heterogeneity, 2 studies] increased.

The researchers found that chronic food (consumption over 2 weeks) of chocolate or cocoa 5.88 mmHg systolic blood pressure significantly with [95% CI =-9.55 to-2.21, P for heterogeneity = 0.0003, I2 = 81%, 5 studies] reduced.

The researchers found that chronic food (consumption over 2 weeks) of chocolate or cocoa the diastolic blood pressure significantly with 3.30 mmHg [95% CI =-5.77 to-0.83, P = 0.009 for heterogeneity, I2 = 70%, 4 studies] reduced.

The researchers found that eating soy protein isolate during 4-24 weeks the diastolic blood pressure significantly with 1.99 mmHg [95% CI =-2.86 to-1.12, P for heterogeneity = 0.4, I2 = 6%, 9 studies] reduced.

The researchers found that eating soy protein isolate during 4-24 weeks the LDL-cholesterol levels significantly with 0.19 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.24 to-0.14, P = 0.03 for heterogeneity, I2 = 29%, 39 studies] reduced.

The researchers found that the acute drinking black tea 5.69 mmHg systolic blood pressure significantly with [95% CI = 1.52 to 9.86, P = 0.13 for heterogeneity, I2 = 44%, 4 studies] increased.

The researchers found that the acute drinking black tea the diastolic blood pressure significantly with 2.56 mmHg [95% CI = 1.03 to 4.10, P = 0.57 for heterogeneity, I2 = 0%, 4 studies] increased.

The researchers found that drinking green tea the LDL-cholesterol levels significantly with 0.23 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.34 to-0.12, P for heterogeneity = 0.62, I2 = 0%, 4 studies] reduced.

The researchers concluded that both the acute and chronic eating chocolate the flow-mediated dilation and increased blood pressure lowered, eating soy protein isolate the diastolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol levels lowered and drinking green tea reduced the LDL-cholesterol levels.

Original title:
Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Hooper L, Crown PA, [...], Cassidy a.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18614722

Additional information about El Mondo:
Read more about flavonoids.
Read more about heterogeneity, I2 and significance.
Read more about heart disease.

Soy protein isolate (does not occur in foods for) is extracted from soybeans. A typical soy protein isolate is 100% vegetable and consists for 85%-90% from protein.

The EFSA concludes that there is a causal link between the consumption of cocoa flavanols and maintaining good blood circulation. To the claimed health effect would be a healthy adult 2.5 grams of cocoa powder with high flavanolenconcentratie or 10 grams of high-flavanolhoudende have to eat dark chocolate.
Only approved health claims may in 2013 of the EFSA on the packaging of European food and beverages and nutritional supplements

 

Zwarte thee verlaagt blaaskanker onder vrouwen

Research Question:
Drinking tea lowers the chances of getting bladder cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article 18 contained 6 cohort studies and case-control studies until March 2012. There was no heterogeneity in the subgroup-analyses and there was also no publication bias. The highest tea consumption was higher than 4 cups a day.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that drinking tea the chances of getting bladder cancer non-significant 9% [95% CI = 0.85-1.40, there was heterogeneity between the studies] increased. Non-significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

In the subgroup analyses, the researchers found that drinking tea the chances of getting bladder cancer among smokers significantly with 77% [95% CI = 1.04-3.01] increased. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

In the subgroup analyses, the researchers found that drinking tea the chances of getting bladder cancer among non-smoking non-significant with 35% [95% CI = 0.69-2.65] increased.

In the subgroup analyses, the researchers found that drinking black tea the chances of getting bladder cancer among women significantly with 39% [95% CI = 0.38-0.98] reduced. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that drinking black tea the chances of getting bladder cancer among men with non-significant 9% [95% CI = 0.71-1.18] reduced.

The researchers concluded that drinking a lot of tea the chances of getting bladder cancer among smokers and drinking lots of black tea increased the chances of getting bladder cancer among women reduced.

Original title:
The association of tea consumption with bladder cancer risk: ameta-analysis by Wu S, Li F, [...], Zhang X.

Link:
http://211.76.170.15/server/APJCN/Volume22/vol22.1/Finished/17_2310_128_137.pdf

Additional information about El Mondo:
Bladder cancer affects approximately four times as many men as women and especially people over sixty years.
For bladder cancer is malignant tumors in the bladder. 90% of bladder cancers originate in the lining wall of the bladder. This is referred to as a urotheelceltumor or overgangsepitheelcarcinoom.

Groene thee verlaagt maagkanker bij vrouwen

Research Question:
Numerous in vitro and animal studies have shown that drinking green tea has a protective effect against cancer. However, the results of epidemiological studies are contradictory and therefore was carried out this review article.

Drinking green tea lowers the risk of getting stomach cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 3 case-control studies, cohort studies 8.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found no preventive effect of drinking green tea for stomach cancer.

But the hazard ratio found in 6 cohort studies in women who drank 5 or more cups of green tea a day, was 0.79 [95% CI = 0.65-0.96]. In other words, women who drank 5 or more cups of green tea a day, ran significant 21% less chance of getting stomach cancer than women who do not have green tea drunk.
Case-control studies also showed consistent a weak inverse association between drinking green tea and the risk of getting stomach cancer in women.

The researchers concluded that drinking 5 or more cups of green tea per day the risk of getting stomach cancer in women did decrease. However, the epidemiological evidence is still insufficient to be able to show any association in men.

Original title:
Green Tea Consumption and Gastric Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review or an epidemiological Evidence Among the Japanese Population by Sasazuki S, Tamakoshi A, [...], Tsugane S.

Link:
http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/335.short

Additional information about El Mondo:
The protective effect of green tea against stomach cancer in women is found in an overview article of cohort studies. But an overview article of cohort studies cannot prove a causal link between green tea and stomach cancer. An overview article of cohort studies can only answer the question: "should I adjust my diet?" give.
However it can not answer the question: "Is swallowing green tea supplements against stomach cancer make sense?" give. In order to answer this question, it should be found a protective effect in an overview article of Rcts. Only Rcts can demonstrate a causal link and when swallowing of food supplements should be a causal relationship are present.

 

Groene thee verlaagt het slechte cholesterol

Research Question:
Drinking green tea lowers the cholesterol levels?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 14 Rcts with 1136 participants. The average follow-up period was 12 weeks (3 weeks to 3 months). The average dosage of green tea catechins was 625 mg per day (150-2500 mg per day).

There was no question of heterogeneity between the studies and publication bias.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that drinking green tea total cholesterol significantly with 7.20 mg/dL [95% CI =-8.19 to-6.21 mg/dL, p 0.001] reduced. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that drinking green tea the LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol) significantly with 2.19 mg/dL [95% CI =-3.16 to-1.21 mg/dL, p 0.001] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking green tea the HDL-cholesterol (good cholesterol) non-significantly increased. Non-significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

The researchers concluded that drinking green tea (with 625 mg of catechins per day) the bad cholesterol levels reduced.

Original title:
Green tea intake Dar fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials by Zheng XIE, Xu YL, [...], Huang XH.

Link:
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/94/2/601.full.pdf+html

Additional information about El Mondo:

Components

Black tea
(4 minutes convert)

Green tea
(4 minutes convert)

Total catechins

74.6 mg/L

407 mg/L

Total theaflavinen

226 mg/L

-

Total polyphenols

550 mg/L

610 mg/L

So 625 mg of catechins per day corresponds to 1.5 liter green tea per day.

 

Groene thee verlaagt de bloeddruk en het LDL-cholesterolgehalte

Research Question:
Drinking green tea lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 20 Rcts with 1536 participants.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that drinking green tea mmHg systolic blood pressure significantly with 1.94 [95% CI =-2.95 to-0.93, p = 0.0002, I2 = 8%] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking green tea total cholesterol significantly with 0.13 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.2 to-0.07, p = 0.0001, 8% I2 ] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking green tea the LDL cholesterol levels significantly with 0.19 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.3 to-0.09, p = 70%, I2 0.0004] reduced.

The researchers concluded that drinking green tea the systolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure) and cholesterol levels (total and LDL) reduced.

Original title:
The effect of green tea on blood pressure and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials by Onakpoyaa I, Spencera E, [...], Thompsona M.

Link:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939475314000477

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on green tea and cholesterol.

 

Groene thee verlaagt de bloeddruk en het cholesterolgehalte

Research Question:
Although earlier literature shows that a regular consumption of green tea improves blood pressure, the evidence from scientific studies are not consistent. It was therefore carried out this review article.

Drinking green tea lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 13 Rcts.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that drinking green tea the systolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure) significantly with 2.08 mmHg [95% CI =-3.06 to-1.05] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking green tea the diastolic blood pressure (underpressure) significantly with 1.71 mmHg [95% CI =-2.86 to-0.56] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking green tea total cholesterol significantly with 0.15 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.27 to-0.02] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking green tea the LDL cholesterol (the bad cholesterol) significantly with 0.16 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.22 to-0.09] reduced.

The researchers found in the subgroup analyses (to get more information) a larger reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in participants with an average baseline systolic blood pressure of ≥ 130 mmHg and in studies where green tea as extract was given.

The researchers concluded that drinking green tea (especially if extract or green tea catecinen) the blood pressure and cholesterol levels (especially in people with elevated blood pressure) reduced.

Original title:
Green tea catechins and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Khalesi S, Sun J, [...], Khosravi-Boroujeni H.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24861099

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on drinking green tea.

 

12 weken groene thee of langer verlaagt het nuchter bloedsuikergehalte

Research Question:
The effect of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on the glycemic control is contentious and therefore was carried out this review article.

Drinking green tea improves the glycemic control?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 22 Rcts with 1584 participants. There was found no heterogeneity for the insulin levels, blood glucose levels, the sober sober the HbA1c value or the HOMA-IR-value.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that drinking green tea catechins with or without caffeine the sober blood sugar significantly with 1.48 mg/dL [95% CI =-2.57 to-0.40 mg/dL] reduced. Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability. The lowering effect on the empty blood sugar was found after 12 weeks.

The researchers found that drinking green tea catechins with or without caffeine the sober insulin levels non-significant with 0.04 μU/mL [95% CI 0.36 to 0.45 μU/mL = −] increased. Non-significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that drinking green tea catechins with or without caffeine the HbA1c value non-significant with 0.04% [95% CI = − 0.15% to 0.08%] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking green tea catechins with or without caffeine the HOMA-IR-value (the degree of insulin resistance) non-significantly with 0.05 [95% CI = − 0.37 to 0.26] reduced.

On the basis of the found results the researchers concluded that after 12 weeks drinking green tea with or without caffeine the sober blood sugar reduced.

Original title:
Effects of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on glycemic control in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Zheng XIE, Xu YL, [...], Huang XH.

Link:
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/97/4/750.abstract

Additional information about El Mondo:
Diabetics have an increased fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, fasting insulin levels increased high-and HOMA-IR-value. Problems with the eyes, limbs or kidneys with diabetics is the result of a sober for years, increased blood sugar.

 

Veel groene thee verlaagt mondkanker

Research Question:
Drinking tea lowers the chances of getting oral cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 19 studies with 4675 mouth cancer patients.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that drinking lots of tea compared to little, the chance of getting oral cancer significantly with 15% [95% CI = 0.779-0.934] reduced.

The researchers found in the subgroup analysis that drinking a lot of green tea compared to little, the chance of getting oral cancer significantly with 20% [95% CI = 0.673-0.947] reduced.

The researchers found in the subgroup analysis that drinking lots of black tea compared to little, the chance of getting oral cancer non-significant with 5% [95% CI = 0.792-1,146] reduced. Non-significant is, there is no link to a 95% reliability.

The associations were found both among Asian and Caucasian population.

The researchers concluded that drinking a lot of green tea reduced the chance of getting oral cancer.

Original title:
Association of tea consumption and the risk of oral cancer: A meta-analysis by W W, Yangb Y, [...], Wuc W.

Link:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1368837513008026

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on drinking tea.

 

Koffie verlaagt de kans op het krijgen van baarmoederkanker

Research Question:
Several epidemiological studies have the relationship between coffee drinking and the risk of getting endometrial cancer (uterine cancer) examined. To provide a quantitative assessment of this connection, this meta-analysis of observational studies published until October 2011.

Drinking coffee lowers the chances of getting uterine cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 10 case-control studies and cohort studies 6. This overview article contained 6628 people with uterine cancer.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that compared with the lowest coffee consumption, the highest coffee consumption the chance of getting uterine cancer significantly with 29% reduced [pooled RR was 0.71, 95% CI = 0.62-0.81, p = 0.13 for heterogeneity].

The pooled RR of the highest compared with the lowest coffee consumption for case-control studies was 0.69 [95% CI = 0.55-0.87], for cohort studies was 0.70 [95% CI = 0.61-0.80], for 3 Japanese studies was 0.40 [95% CI = 0.25-0.63], for 5 studies in the us/Canada was 0.69 [95% CI = 0.60-0.79], for 8 studies in Europe was 0.79 [95% CI = 0.63-0.99].

The researchers found that every increase of 1 cup of coffee a day the risk of getting uterine cancer significantly with 8% [pooled RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.90-0.95] did decrease. Significant is, there can be said with 95% reliability that drinking 1 cup of coffee a day really the chance of getting uterine cancer reduced by 8%.

The researchers concluded that an increased intake of coffee reduced the risk of getting uterine cancer, cohort and case-control studies consistently observed for. More large studies are needed to determine sub-groups in order to obtain benefits from drinking coffee in the relation to the risk of getting uterine cancer.

Original title:
Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: Findings from a large up-to-date meta-analysis by your Y and Giovannucci E.

Link:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.27408/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

Additional information about El Mondo:
Uterus cancer develops in the majority of cases in the lining (endometrium) that covered the inside of the uterus. The most common symptom of uterine cancer in women who have already had, the transition is unusual vaginal bleeding.

Uterine cancer is most common in women between 55-65 years and rarely in women under 45 years.
Uterine cancer is related to exposure to a higher content of the sex hormone oestrogen than normal.

 

Koffie verlaagt de kans op suikerziekte type 2

Research Question:
Diabetes type 2 is associated with a high degree of morbidity and premature death. Several potential health effects by drinking coffee are extensively studied, but the data on the coffee consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) are only recently published. The purpose of this review article was therefore to find out if there is a relationship between drinking coffee and the development of type 2 diabetes.

Drinking coffee lowers the chances of getting diabetes type 2?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 13 cohort studies and 1247387 participants whose 9473 patients with diabetes type 2.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that people who went 4-6 cups and more than 6-7 cups of coffee per day drunk, had a reduced risk of getting type 2 diabetes than those who drank less than 2 cups of coffee per day.
Advantage of filtered coffee about pot boiled, decaffeinated coffee over caffeinated coffee and stronger inverse correlation in the age group younger than 60 years were also found.

The researchers concluded that drinking coffee (4-6 cups and more than 6-7 cups of coffee per day) the chances of getting type 2 sugar reduced. However, on the basis of this review article, it can increase the consumption of coffee in order to improve the public health not be recommended.

Original title:
Coffee to Reduce Risk of Type 2 Diabetes? : A Systematic Review by Arti M, Prasad M and Monali S.

Link:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cdr/2012/00000008/00000003/art00002

Additional information about El Mondo:
The overview article of cohort studies do not show a causal link but can answer the question: "should diet be changed or not?".
Read more about the study design cohort study in the presentation.

1-6 kopjes koffie per dag verlagen suikerziekte type 2

Research Question:
Drinking coffee lowers the chances of getting diabetes type 2?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 28 prospective cohort studies with participants, of which 45335 1109272 people with diabetes type 2. The follow-up duration (the duration of the study) ranged between 10 and 20 years.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that drinking 1 cup of coffee a day, the chance of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 8% [RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.90-0.94] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking 2 cups of coffee per day, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 15% [RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.82-0.88] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking 3 cups of coffee a day, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 21% [RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.75-0.83] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking 4 cups of coffee a day, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 25% [RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.71-0.80] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking 5 cups a day, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 29% [RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.65-0.76] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking 6 cups of coffee a day, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 33% [RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.61-0.74] reduced.

The researchers found that each increase with 1 cup of caffeine-containing coffee, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 9% [RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.89-0.94] reduced.
Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.

The researchers found that each increase with 1 cup of decaffeinated coffee, the chances of getting type 2 diabetes significantly with 6% [RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.98] reduced.

The researchers concluded that drinking coffee (with or without caffeine) the chances of getting diabetes type 2 reduced. The reduced risk was dose-dependent.

Original title:
Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by a Dose-Response Thing M, Bhupathiraju SN, [...], Hu FB.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24459154

Additional information about El Mondo:
Read more about diabetes, study design and studies on coffee consumption.

3 tot 5 kopjes koffie per dag verlaagt non-linear hart- en vaatziekten

Research Question:
Drinking coffee lowers the chances of getting heart disease?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 36 studies with 1279804 participants, of which 36352 people with heart disease.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found a non-linear relationship between drinking coffee and getting heart disease [p for heterogeneity = 0.09, p for trend 0.001, p for non-linear 0.001].

The researchers found that drinking 5 cups a day compared with no consumption, the chance of getting heart disease not significant with 5% [95% CI = 0.87-1.03] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking 3.5 cups of coffee per day vergelekenk with no consumption, the chance of getting heart disease significantly with 15% [95% CI = 0.80-0.90] reduced.

The researchers found that drinking 1.5 cups of coffee per day vergelekenk with no consumption, the chance of getting heart disease significantly with 11% [95% CI = 0.84-0.94] reduced.

The researchers concluded that drinking 3 to 5 cups of coffee per day the chance of getting heart disease non-linear reduced. At more than 5 cups of coffee a day took the chance of getting heart disease not matter.

Original title:
Long-term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies by Thing M, Bhupathiraju SN, [...], Hu FB.

Link:
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/11/07/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005925.abstract

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on coffee.