Voeding en gezondheid

Research Question:
There are conflicting results about the association between plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and the vitamin B content and getting the age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It was therefore carried out this review article.

Raise a high homocysteine and low vitamin B content the chance of getting the age-related macular degeneration?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 11 studies on homocysteine levels with a total of 1072 cases with age-related macular degeneration and 1202 cases without age-related macular degeneration and 3 studies on folic acid and vitamin B12 levels with a total of 152 cases with age-related macular degeneration and 98 cases without age-related macular degeneration.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that homocysteine levels of people with age-related macular degeneration signficant 2.67 μmol/L [95% CI = 1.60-3.74, I2 = 92%, p 0.00001] was higher than of people without age-related macular degeneration.

The researchers found that vitamin B12 levels of people with age-related macular degeneration 64.16 pg/mL [95% CI = 19.32-109.00, I2 = 35%, p = 0.19] was lower than of people without age-related macular degeneration.

The researchers found that the folic acid content of people with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration 1.66 ng/mL [95% CI = 0.10-3.99] was lower than of people without age-related macular degeneration.

The researchers concluded that a high homocysteine or low vitamin B12 levels the chance of getting the increased age-related macular degeneration.

Original title:
Homocysteine and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Huang P, Wang F, [...], Sun X.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508850/

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies about lowering homocysteine levels and raising the folic acid and vitamin B12 levels.

Research Question:
Eating fish reduces the chances of getting liver cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 5 retrospective patient-control studies and 5 prospective cohort studies with a total of 3624 liver cancer patients.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found in case-control studies that eating a lot of fish compared to little, the chances of getting liver cancer are not significantly by 21% [RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.59-1.06] reduced.

The researchers found in cohort studies that eating a lot of fish compared to little, the chances of getting liver cancer significantly with 18% [RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70-0.96] reduced.

The researchers found when all studies were combined, that eating a lot of fish compared to little, the chances of getting liver cancer significantly with 18% [RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.94, I2 = 12.8%, p = 0.33] reduced.

The researchers found that the reduced risk remained significant in both stratified as sensitivity analyses.

The researchers found that 1 serving of fish per week the chance of getting leverkaner significantly with 6% [RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.98, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.74] reduced.

The researchers concluded that eating 1 serving (100 grams) of fish per week reduced the chances of getting liver cancer.

Original title:
Fish intake and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis by Huang RX, Duan YY and Hu Yes.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304705/

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on the occurrence of cancer and fish consumption.

Research Question:
Eating vitamins lowers the chances of getting colon cancer?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 74 articles (cohort studies).

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found the highest folate intake via diet compared with the lowest intake, a significantly reduced risk of 12% [multivariable-adjusted RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.95] for colon cancer.

The researchers found the highest vitamin D intake through diet compared with the lowest intake, a significantly reduced risk of 13% [multivariable-adjusted RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.99] for colon cancer.

The researchers found the highest vitamin B6 intake via diet compared with the lowest intake, a significantly reduced risk of 12% [multivariable-adjusted RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.99] for colon cancer.

The researchers found the highest vitamin B2 intake via diet compared with the lowest intake, a significantly reduced risk of 14% [multivariable-adjusted RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.97] for colon cancer.

However, the researchers found no link between vitamin A, B12, C, or E-intake via diet and the risk of getting colon cancer.

The researchers concluded that eating a lot of folic acid, vitamin D, B6 and B2 the chance of getting colon cancer reduced.

Original title:
Vitamin and multiple-vitamin supplement intake and incidence of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies by Liu Y, Yu Q, [...], Li k.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25491145

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on colon cancer and vitamins.
This meal contains a lot of vitamin D and B6.

Research Question:
Observational studies suggest an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the results are inconsistent. It was therefore carried out this review article.

Eating fruits and vegetables lowers the chances of getting coronary heart disease?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 23 prospective studies with 937665 participants, of which 18047 patients with coronary artery disease.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that eating lots of fruits and vegetables the chance of getting a coronary heart disease significantly with 16% [RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79-0.90] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of fruits the chance of getting a coronary heart disease significantly with 14% [RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82-0.91] reduced.

The researchers found that eating lots of vegetables the chance of getting a coronary heart disease significantly with 13% [RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.93] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 477 grams of fruit and vegetables per day the chances of getting coronary artery disease significantly with 12% [RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85-0.91] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 300 grams of fruit per day the chances of getting coronary artery disease significantly with 16% [RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75-0.93] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 400 g of vegetables per day the chances of getting coronary artery disease significantly with 18% [RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.73-0.92] reduced.

The researchers found in the subgroup analysis that eating fruits and/or vegetables the chances of getting coronary artery disease among Europeans but not under Asians reduced.

The researchers concluded that eating vegetables and/or fruit the chance of getting a reduced coronary artery disease, especially among Asians.

Original title:
Or fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies by Gan Y, Tong X, [...], Lu Z.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662075

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on eating fruits and vegetables and heart disease.

Research Question:
A zinc deficiency increases the chance of getting a heart attack?

Study Design:
This overview article contained 41 case-control studies with 2886 participants.

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that patients who had a heart attack have low zinc status (less zinc in the body) [SMD =-1,148, 95% CI =-2,365 to-1,331] had than healthy people. 

The researchers found in the subgroup analysis that patients who have had a heart attack a low serum zinc status [SMD =-1,764, 95% CI =-2,417 to-1.112] had than healthy people. 

The researchers found in the subgroup analysis that patients who have had a heart attack her a low zinc status [SMD =-3.326, 95% CI = 4.616-to-2.036] had than healthy people. 

The researchers found that both men in the subgroup analysis [SMD =-3,350, 95% CI =-149 to-1,348] and women [SMD =-1,652, 95% CI =-3,440 to-1922] who have had a heart attack had a low zinc status than healthy people.

The researchers found in the subgroup analysis that the zinc status in Asian patients who have had a heart attack, lower than in European patients.

The researchers concluded that there is a significant relationship existed between zinc deficiency and getting a heart attack.

Original title:
Deficient Zinc Levels and Myocardial Infarction: Association Between Deficient Zinc Levels and Myocardial Infarction: a Meta-analysis by Liu B, Cai ZQ and Zhou YM.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25627421

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on zinc and prevent a heart attack.

Research Question:
Lowers eating fish or long chain omega-3 fatty acids the chances of getting Alzheimer's disease?

Study Design:
This overview article contained prospective cohort studies.
There was a low heterogeneity between the studies and within the subgroups.                                                                                              

Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that both eating lots of long chain omega-3 fatty acids as fish the chance of getting dementia not significantly reduced [RR respectively = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.85-1.10 and RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71-1.01].

The researchers found that eating a lot of long chain omega-3 fatty acids, the chances of getting Alzheimer's disease are not significantly by 11% [RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.74-1.08] reduced.
Not significant is, there cannot be said with 95% reliability that eating lots of long chain omega-3 fatty acids, the chances of getting Alzheimer's disease reduced.

The researchers found that eating a lot of fish, the chances of getting Alzheimer's disease significantly with 36% [RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.44-0.92] reduced.

The researchers found that eating 100 grams of fish per week, the chances of getting Alzheimer's disease significantly with 11% [RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79-0.99] reduced.

The researchers concluded that eating a lot of fish (at least 100 grams per week) the chances of getting Alzheimer's disease (and not dementia) reduced.

Original title:
Omega-3 fatty acids intake and risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis by Wu S, Thing Y, [...], Mao P.

Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446949

Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies eating fish.