Hypertension

Scientific studies (review articles) on the relationship between diet/nutrients and hypertension prevention:
One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of randomized, placebo-controlled double blind clinical trials (RCTs) will answer the following question:
"Do taking dietary supplements make sense?" Yes for a positive conclusion and no for a negative conclusion.

One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of (prospective) cohort studies or case-control studies will answer the following question:
"Should I change my diet?".

1. Serum vitamin D concentrations between 40 and 75 nmol/L reduce hypertension in adult
2. 4000 mg inositol supplements reduce blood pressure
3. Clinical screening for blood pressure in cerebral palsy is needed
4. Soy consumption causally lowers blood pressure in adults
5. 0.5 to 6 g/d taurine supplementation reduces total cholesterol and triglyceride in patients with liver dysregulation
6. Green tea causally lowers blood pressure in healthy individuals
7. Green tea reduces blood pressure in subjects with hypertension
8. Potassium intake from 3,128 mg per day increases blood pressure
9. 200-1500 mg/d dietary calcium intakes do not increase cardiovascular disease
10. 1-3 eggs/day during 3 to 12 weeks have no effect on blood pressure
11. Most prevalent comorbidities among COVID-19 are hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, lung disease, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, COPD and asthma
12. Mortality is more frequently in COVID-19 patients with chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular disease
13. Patients older than 60 years, with hypertension, diabetes and D-dimer values above 3.17 µg/mL have higher thrombotic events due to COVID-19
14. Hypertension, diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease are major risk factors for patients with COVID-19
15. Male, age, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19
16. Hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, smoking, COPD, malignancy and chronic kidney disease are risk factors for COVID-19 infection
17. Vitamin C supplements during ≥6 weeks reduce blood pressure
18. Oral vitamin C supplementation may improve glycemic control and blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes
19. A high serum vitamin C reduces blood pressure
20. 400 mg coffee bean extract supplementation reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients
21. 150 g/day French-fries consumption increases risk of hypertension
22. 10,000 steps a day do not decrease blood pressure in healthy adults
23. 500 mL/d beetroot juice reduces blood pressure
24. Daily dietary intake of 30g whole grains, 100g fruits and 200g dairy products reduce risk of hypertension
25. 8.7 g/day viscous soluble fiber during 7 weeks reduces blood pressure
26. A diet with 10 En% saturated fat reduces cholesterol and blood pressure in children
27. Resistance training reduces blood pressure in prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects
28. Potassium supplementation for at least 4 weeks reduces blood pressure of patients with essential hypertension
29. 100 mg/day dietary magnesium intake is associated with lower risk of hypertension
30. 240 mg magnesium per day decrease systolic blood pressure
31. A reduction of 4.4 g/day salt causes important falls in blood pressure in people with both raised and normal blood pressure
32. Sesame consumption reduces systolic blood pressure
33. 500 mg/d dietary flavonoid intake reduces cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension
34. Flavonoid supplements show significant improvements in vascular function and blood pressure
35. Quercetin supplements decrease triglycerides levels

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Hypertension or high blood pressure, sometimes called arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. This requires the heart to work harder than normal to circulate blood through the blood vessels.

Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and it is recorded as two figures:

• Systolic pressure: the pressure of the blood when the heart beats to pump blood out.
• Diastolic pressure: the pressure of the blood when the heart rests in between beats.

A blood pressure reading has a top number (systolic) and bottom number (diastolic). The ranges are:

• Normal: Less than 120 over 80 (120/80)
• Prehypertension: 120-139 over 80-89
• Stage 1 high blood pressure: 140-159 over 90-99
• Stage 2 high blood
• pressure: 160 and above over 100 and above

Blood pressure has a daily pattern. Blood pressure is normally lower at night while you are sleeping. The blood pressure starts to rise a few hours before you wake up. The blood pressure continues to rise during the day, usually peaking in the middle of the afternoon. Then in the late afternoon and evening, the blood pressure begins dropping again.

Blood pressure can be quite variable, even in the same person.

The risk of high blood pressure increases as you age. Through early middle age, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high blood pressure after menopause.
Men often develop high blood pressure between the ages of 35 and 55.

High blood pressure is particularly common among blacks, often developing at an earlier age than it does in whites.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction (heart attacks), heart failure, aneurysms of the arteries (e.g. aortic aneurysm), peripheral arterial disease and is a cause of chronic kidney disease. 

Your blood pressure should be recorded in a quiet, warm environment, after you have been sitting quietly for at least five minutes. You should not have used caffeine or tobacco products for at least 30 minutes.